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Machine espresso makes use of precise pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the perfect cup of coffee. What exactly does it work?

Espresso is made by pushing hot water under pressure through finely-ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However, the pressure is the main difference.

The Group Head

The group head is the portafilter that is inserted when you are making espresso. It distributes water into the portafilter and regulates the pressure of extraction. There are many different kinds of group head each with its particular advantages and drawbacks. Some are designed for temperature stability while others are built to handle pre-infusion. Some are designed to control the lever. Some include a combination like the E61. This is a popular choice among baristas as it provides a variety of advantages in a single package.

As you can see in the above photo the group head is equipped with several notches. You can place your portafilter inside these notches, and then twist the head to secure it. A gasket made of rubber is placed in the notches to create a seal when you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head permit a precise positioning of the portafilter which is necessary for an efficient extraction.

Apart from allowing you easily insert your portafilter, the group head is also responsible to maintain an even temperature. This is done by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew basin, ensuring the temperature is always right for extraction. It is important to note that even a slight difference can make the difference between a decent and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

Motorized pumps in espresso machines that rotate provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure required for espresso extraction. This differs from manual piston machines that use levers. This pressure builds up by drawing tap water from a reservoir and pumping it through a heat exchanger before being pumped through the ground coffee in the group head.

Pumps tend to be cheaper than piston-driven machines and tend to last longer, however both types of machines can get damaged through overuse and lack of cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, which can increase prices of even simpler models.

Some best espresso maker machines can eliminate the pump completely and instead use steam pressure to brew espresso. The drawback of this is that the boiler that produces steam also raises the temperature of the water to boiling, which can lead to excessive extraction. In addition the machines often have to restore their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

Many espresso machines make use of a vibration or rotary pump, which is a vibration model using a vibrating disc that generates the pressure, and the rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both types of machines can make excellent espresso, however rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the one that will heat the water to the perfect temperature to extract. The steam produced will eventually reach the portafilter, which is a container for italian espresso machine grounds. It is then funneled into the cup. During this process the steam causes enough pressure bean to cup espresso machines push the grounds of coffee through. This produces a layer of crema on top. This is a hallmark of a good espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso machines, each having different types of pumps and the temperature of the brew. There are various ways to control the brew as well as the size of the cup that can be produced by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam types. They had one boiler to make both steam and brew, however the pressure they were able to produce was very low - just two bars of atmospheric pressure, at most. The coffee tasted bitter and burned. The modern espresso machines home machine was developed by the Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most popular espresso maker is a semiautomatic machine with an electric pump. This is what people envision when they think of an espresso machine. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans by yourself however the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is a perfect combination of human control and mechanized consistency.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines have a filter to separate out the coffee grounds as they pass through the hot water. The filter is also a crucial part of the temperature control system since it helps prevent the machine from overheating.

It also aids in flavor as a filter allows for a more prolonged bloom time. This helps the beans release their nuances and gives an opportunity to improve extraction.

It is important to keep in mind that even the finest filter can result in a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans and the extraction process are still very important.

It's here that the magic happens. This is what makes espresso taste so delicious. The grouphead, sometimes referred to as the brew head, is the place where the portafilter (the thing you put the ground coffee into) is placed when making espresso.

In a steam-driven espresso machine hot water is heated in an airtight container to create steam. Steam is then pushed through the grounds under high pressure. These types of machines tend to be cheaper and easier to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are limited in their ability to provide the perfect brewing conditions as they only operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. However, the perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, espresso machines driven by a compressed air compressor have become increasingly popular. They use an air compressor to force hot water into the ground and are more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.